Kirgisistan ist ein Staat in Zentralasien. Im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch und in den Medien Deutschlands herrscht eine gewisse Unklarheit über den genauen Landesnamen. Die offizielle, laut Auswärtigem Amt, deutschsprachige Landesbezeichnung lautet Kirgisistan. Ebenfalls verbreitet sind der Name Kirgistan sowie die zu Sowjetzeiten gängige Bezeichnung Kirgisien. Nach dem Zerfall der Sowjetunion versuchten die Kirgisen, ihre nationale Identität durch die Rückbesinnung auf ihre turksprachige Kultur zu stärken und wählten als Landesnamen Кыргызстан/Kırgızstan. Dieser Name mit der ursprünglich persischen Endung für Region oder Land "-stan" unterstreicht die kulturelle Beziehung zu anderen turksprachigen Ländern wie Kasachstan, Usbekistan und Turkmenistan. Umstritten ist hier, ob die korrekte Übertragung dieser Bezeichnung ins Deutsche Kirgisistan oder Kirgistan lautet. Der einzige amtliche deutsche Name des Landes, den das Auswärtige Amt verwendet, lautet Kirgisistan.
Amtliche
Kurzform:
Kirgisistan
Name in Landessprache: Кыргызстан
Kurzform:
-
Vollform:
Kyrgyz Respublikasy
Der Name der Kirgisen die zu den Turkvölkern gehören ist wahrscheinlich aus der Zusammenziehung der Turkworte kyr (Feld) und gizmek (nomadisieren) hervorgegangen. Name in
Englisch: Kyrgyzstan Ehemaliger Name: früher Teil der UDSSR
CIA
Background-Info
A Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions, most of Kyrgyzstan was formally annexed to Russia in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916 in which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1936 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in the spring of 2005 resulted in the ouster of President Askar AKAEV, who had run the country since 1990. Subsequent presidential elections in July 2005 were won overwhelmingly by former prime minister Kurmanbek BAKIEV. The political opposition organized demonstrations in Bishkek in April, May, and November 2006 resulting in the adoption of a new constitution that transferred some of the president's powers to parliament and the government. In December 2006, the Kyrgyzstani parliament voted to adopt new amendments, restoring some of the presidential powers lost in the November 2006 constitutional change. By late-September 2007, both previous versions of the constitution were declared illegal, and the country reverted to the AKAEV-era 2003 constitution, which was subsequently modified in a flawed referendum initiated by BAKIEV. The president then dissolved parliament, called for early elections, and gained control of the new parliament through his newly-created political party, Ak Jol, in December 2007 elections. In July 2009, after months of harassment against his opponents and media critics, BAKIEV won re-election in a presidential campaign that the international community deemed flawed. Just a few months later in October, BAKIEV engineered changes in the government structure that further consolidated his already considerable hold on power. Current concerns include: privatization of state-owned enterprises, negative trends in democracy and political freedoms, endemic corruption, improving interethnic relations, electricity generation, and combating terrorism.
