Amtliche Kurzform: Irak
Name in Landessprache: الجمهورية 
Kurzform: Al Iraq  
Vollform: Al-Jumhuriya al-Iraqiya
Die muslemischen Eroberer gaben Untermesopotamiern den Namen Ieaq Arabi.
Name in Englisch: Iraq
Ehemaliger Name: 

Staatsgebiet: Der Irak liegt im westlichen Asien, nördlich der Arabischen Halbinsel. Er umfasst das fruchtbare Zweistromland (Mesopotamien) zwischen den südwärts fließenden Euphrat und Tigris sowie angrenzende Berg- und Wüstenregionen. Der Irak grenzt an Kuwait, Saudi-Arabien, Jordanien, Syrien, die Türkei, Iran und den Persischen Golf. Die Hauptstadt Bagdad liegt im Zentrum des Landes.
 

CIA Background-Info Formerly part of the Ottoman Empire, Iraq was occupied by Britain during the course of World War I; in 1920, it was declared a League of Nations mandate under UK administration. In stages over the next dozen years, Iraq attained its independence as a kingdom in 1932. A "republic" was proclaimed in 1958, but in actuality a series of strongmen ruled the country until 2003. The last was SADDAM Husayn. Territorial disputes with Iran led to an inconclusive and costly eight-year war (1980-88). In August 1990, Iraq seized Kuwait but was expelled by US-led, UN coalition forces during the Gulf War of January-February 1991. Following Kuwait's liberation, the UN Security Council (UNSC) required Iraq to scrap all weapons of mass destruction and long-range missiles and to allow UN verification inspections. Continued Iraqi noncompliance with UNSC resolutions over a period of 12 years led to the US-led invasion of Iraq in March 2003 and the ouster of the SADDAM Husayn regime. US forces remain in Iraq under a UNSC mandate until 2009 and under a bilateral security agreement thereafter, helping to provide security and to support the freely elected government. In October 2005, Iraqis approved a constitution in a national referendum and, pursuant to this document, elected a 275-member Council of Representatives (CoR) in December 2005. After the election, Ibrahim al-JAAFARI was selected as prime minister; he was replaced by Nuri al-MALIKI in May 2006. The CoR approved most cabinet ministers in May 2006, marking the transition to Iraq's first constitutional government in nearly a half century. On 31 January 2009, Iraq held elections for provincial councils in all provinces except for the three provinces comprising the Kurdistan Regional Government and at-Ta'mim (Kirkuk) province.