Syrien (amtlich Arabische Republik Syrien, arabisch الجمهورية العربية السورية al-Dschumhūriyya al-ʿarabiyya as-sūriyya) ist ein Staat in Vorderasien und Teil des Maschrek. Syrien grenzt im Süden an Israel und Jordanien, im Westen an den Libanon und das Mittelmeer, im Norden an die Türkei und im Osten an den Irak. Mit rund 185.000 Quadratkilometern ist Syrien ungefähr halb so groß wie Deutschland.
Amtliche
Kurzform:
Syrien
Name in Landessprache: الجمهوريّة
Kurzform:
Suriyah
Vollform:
Al-Jumhuriya al-Arabiya as-Suriya Name in
Englisch: Syria Ehemaliger Name: Vereinigte Arabische Republik (mit Ägypten)
Unabhängigkeit: 28. 9. 1941 nominell, 17. 4. 1946 de facto
Staatsgebiet:
CIA
Background-Info
Following the breakup of the Ottoman Empire during World War I, France administered Syria until its independence in 1946. The country lacked political stability, however, and experienced a series of military coups during its first decades. Syria united with Egypt in February 1958 to form the United Arab Republic. In September 1961, the two entities separated, and the Syrian Arab Republic was reestablished. In November 1970, Hafiz al-ASAD, a member of the Socialist Ba'th Party and the minority Alawite sect, seized power in a bloodless coup and brought political stability to the country. In the 1967 Arab-Israeli War, Syria lost the Golan Heights to Israel. During the 1990s, Syria and Israel held occasional peace talks over its return. Following the death of President al-ASAD, his son, Bashar al-ASAD, was approved as president by popular referendum in July 2000. Syrian troops - stationed in Lebanon since 1976 in an ostensible peacekeeping role - were withdrawn in April 2005. During the July-August 2006 conflict between Israel and Hizballah, Syria placed its military forces on alert but did not intervene directly on behalf of its ally Hizballah.
