arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers  
 

desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters  
 

mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter  
 

arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer  
 

subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season May to November  
 

tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season from November to April, dry season from May to October; little seasonal temperature variation  
 

temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers  
 

semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April)  
 

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds  
 

severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing  
 

tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation  
 

tropical; always hot, humid  
 

mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest  
 

highland continental, hot summers, cold winters  
 

tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation  
 

dry, semiarid steppe  
 

tropical  
 

tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation  
 

generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north  
 

tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream  
 

arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers  
 

equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun  
 

tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October)  
 

tropical; rainy season (June to October)  
 

tropical  
 

cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime  
 

temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy  
 

tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May)  
 

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north  
 

subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter  
 

varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas  
 

varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid  
 

hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast  
 

semiarid; warm winters and hot summers  
 

antarctic  
 

mostly tropical, but temperate in south  
 

subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds  
 

tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds  
 

tropical; hot, humid, rainy  
 

temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers  
 

tropical; warm, dry winters; hot, wet summers  
 

equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees centigrade but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; wet seasons from February to May and September to November, and dry seasons from June to August and December to January  
 

temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south  
 

extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north  
 

tropical, humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees C, rains May-October  
 

tropical; moderated by trade winds  
 

tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands  
 

tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October)  
 

temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers  
 

temperate and marine; cool, cloudy, wet winters and summers; occasional warm foehn wind  
 

tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall  
 

tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall  
 

desert; torrid, dry  
 

tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands  
 

tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands  
 

hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually); semiarid in western hills and lowlands; rainfall heaviest during June-September except in coastal desert  
 

maritime, wet, moderate winters, cool summers  
 

tropical  
 

cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south  
 

cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate  
 

mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy  
 

tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation  
 

cold temperate; potentially subarctic, but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes  
 

generally cool winters and mild summers, but mild winters and hot summers along the Mediterranean; occasional strong, cold, dry, north-to-northwesterly wind known as mistral  
 

antarctic  
 

tropical; hot, humid; little seasonal temperature variation  
 

tropical, but moderate  
 

tropical; always hot, humid  
 

tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season (November to May)  
 

temperate, mild winters, dry and warm to hot summers  
 

warm and pleasant; Mediterranean-like on Black Sea coast  
 

tropical; warm and comparatively dry along southeast coast; hot and humid in southwest; hot and dry in north  
 

Mediterranean with mild winters and warm summers  
 

tropical  
 

tropical; tempered by northeast trade winds  
 

temperate; mild, wet winters; hot, dry summers  
 

arctic to subarctic; cool summers, cold winters  
 

temperate; moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current; more than one-half of the days are overcast  
 

subtropical tempered by trade winds; moderately high humidity  
 

tropical marine; generally warm and humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to June, rainy season from July to  
 

tropical; hot, humid in lowlands; cooler in highlands  
 

temperate with mild winters and cool summers; about 50% of days are overcast  
 

generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with  
 

tropical; generally hot and humid; monsoonal-type rainy season (June to November) with southwesterly winds; dry season (December to May) with northeasterly harmattan winds  
 

tropical; hot, humid, moderated by northeast trade winds; two rainy seasons (May to mid-August, mid-November to mid-January)  
 

tropical; semiarid where mountains in east cut off trade winds  
 

antarctic  
 

subtropical in lowlands, temperate in mountains  
 

tropical monsoon; cool and humid in winter, hot and rainy from spring through summer, warm and sunny in fall  
 

equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun  
 

varies from tropical monsoon in south to temperate in north Indian Ocean  
 

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands  
 

cool summers and mild winters; temperate; overcast about one-third of the time  
 

mostly desert; mild to cool winters with dry, hot, cloudless summers; northern mountainous regions along Iranian and Turkish borders experience  
 

mostly arid or semiarid, subtropical along Caspian coast  
 

temperate maritime; modified by North Atlantic Current; mild winters, cool summers; consistently humid; overcast about half the time  
 

temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers  
 

temperate; hot and dry in southern and eastern desert areas  
 

predominantly Mediterranean; Alpine in far north; hot, dry in south  
 

tropical; hot, humid; temperate interior  
 

arctic maritime with frequent storms and persistent fog  
 

varies from tropical in south to cool temperate in north  
 

tropical; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun  
 

mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east  
 

temperate; mild winters and cool summers  
 

tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation  
 

mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)  
 

tropical  
 

tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April)  
 

tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation  
 

varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north  
 

varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north  
 

temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and very erratic  
 

continental, cold winters and hot summers, arid and semiarid  
 

desert; hot, dry; humid and sultry in summer  
 

varies from tropical along coast to arid in interior  
 

tropical, but moderated by prevailing winds  
 

dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone  
 

tropical; marine, hot and humid, moderated by trade winds  
 

pleasant, modified by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year; moderate rainfall  
 

tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands  
 

tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)  
 

tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); constantly high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator  
 

tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season April to October, dry season December to February; south of Equator - wet season November to March, dry season April to October  
 

tropical  
 

temperate with rainfall concentrated in summer  
 

temperate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter  
 

Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast Cuba  
 

dry desert; intensely hot summers; short, cool winters  
 

tropical monsoon; rainy season (May to November); dry season (December to April)  
 

temperate; cool to cold, dry winters; hot, wet summers  
 

maritime; wet, moderate winters  
 

Mediterranean; mild to cool, wet winters with hot, dry summers;  
 

tropical; hot, humid; dry winters with hot days and cool to cold nights; wet, cloudy summers with frequent heavy showers  
 

Mediterranean along coast; dry, extreme desert interior  
 

continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers  
 

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers  
 

modified continental with mild winters, cool summers  
 

subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers  
 

tropical along coast, temperate inland, arid in south  
 

sub-tropical; rainy season (November to May); dry season (May to November)  
 

tropical; annual southwest (April to October) and northeast (October to February) monsoons  
 

tropical; hot, humid; dry, northeast monsoon (November to March); rainy, southwest monsoon (June to August)  
 

subtropical to arid; hot and dry February to June; rainy, humid, and mild June to November; cool and dry November to February  
 

Mediterranean with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers  
 

Mediterranean, becoming more extreme in the interior  
 

wet season from May to November; hot and humid; islands border typhoon belt  
 

tropical; moderated by trade winds; rainy season (June to October); vulnerable to devastating cyclones (hurricanes) every eight years on average; average temperature 17.3 degrees C; humid  
 

desert; constantly hot, dry, dusty  
 

tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; warm, dry winter (May to November); hot, wet, humid summer (November to May)  
 

tropical; marine; hot, humid, rainy season during northeastern monsoon (November to May); dry season is cooler (May to November)  
 

warm, dry summers and autumns and relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall  
 

varies from tropical to desert  
 

subtropical, but moderated by prevailing easterly winds  
 

tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage  
 

moderate winters, warm summers  
 

Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers  
 

desert; continental (large daily and seasonal temperature ranges)  
 

tropical; little daily or seasonal temperature variation  
 

tropical to subtropical  
 

tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April)  
 

desert; hot, dry; rainfall sparse and erratic  
 

tropical; monsoonal; rainy season (November to February)  
 

marine, tropical  
 

varies from cool summers and severe winters in north to subtropical summers and mild winters in south  
 

tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid  
 

temperate with sharp regional contrasts  
 

tropical in lowlands, cooler in highlands  
 

temperate; marine; cool summers and mild winters  
 

tropical; ameliorated by northeast trade winds  
 

desert; mostly hot, dry, dusty; tropical in extreme south  
 

varies; equatorial in south, tropical in center, arid in north  
 

tropical; modified by southeast trade winds  
 

tropical marine; moderated by northeast trade winds, little seasonal temperature variation; dry season December to June, rainy season July to October  
 

subtropical, mild, little seasonal temperature variation  
 

temperate along coast, modified by North Atlantic Current; colder interior with increased precipitation and colder summers causing glaciers to grow; rainy year-round on west coast  
 

dry desert; hot, humid along coast; hot, dry interior; strong southwest summer monsoon (May to September) in far south  
 

temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain in lowlands and snow in mountains; cool summers with occasional showers  
 

mostly hot, dry desert; temperate in northwest; arctic in north  
 

wet season May to November; hot and humid  
 

equatorial, hot, and very rainy  
 

tropical maritime; hot, humid, cloudy; prolonged rainy season (May to January), short dry season (January to May)  
 

tropical; northwest monsoon (December to March), southeast monsoon (May to October); slight seasonal temperature variation  
 

tropical  
 

subtropical to temperate; substantial rainfall in the eastern portions, becoming semiarid in the far west  
 

varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes  
 

tropical marine; northeast monsoon (November to April); southwest monsoon (May to October)  
 

tropical, hot, humid; modified by southeast trade winds; rainy season (November to March)  
 

temperate with cold, cloudy, moderately severe winters with frequent precipitation; mild summers with frequent showers and thundershowers  
 

maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south  
 

tropical marine, mild; little seasonal temperature variation  
 

tropical, but temperature moderates with elevation; cool and dry from May to November, hot and rainy from November to April  
 

temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms  
 

ranges from steppes in the south through humid continental in much of European Russia; subarctic in Siberia to tundra climate in the polar north; winters vary from cool along Black Sea coast to frigid in Siberia; summers vary from warm in the steppes to cool along Arctic coast Rwanda  
 

tropical monsoon; few extremes of temperature and weather  
 

tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April)  
 

tropical; rainy season (October to March), dry season (May to October)  
 

Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers  
 

tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)  
 

harsh, dry desert with great extremes of temperature  
 

temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north  
 

temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers  
 

tropical; hot, humid; rainy season (May to November) has strong southeast winds; dry season (December to April) dominated by hot, dry, harmattan wind  
 

tropical marine; humid; cooler season during southeast monsoon (late May to September); warmer season during northwest monsoon (March to  
 

tropical; hot, humid; summer rainy season (May to December); winter dry season (December to April)  
 

tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March)  
 

tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - Northeastern monsoon from December to March and Southwestern monsoon from June to September; inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms  
 

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters  
 

Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east  
 

principally desert; December to February - northeast monsoon, moderate temperatures in north and very hot in south; May to October - southwest monsoon, torrid in the north and hot in the south, irregular rainfall, hot and humid periods (tangambili) between monsoons  
 

temperate; clear, hot summers in interior, more moderate and cloudy along coast; cloudy, cold winters in interior, partly cloudy and cool along coast  
 

arctic, tempered by warm North Atlantic Current; cool summers, cold winters; North Atlantic Current flows along west and north coasts of  
 

tropical  
 

tropical monsoon; northeast monsoon (December to March); southwest monsoon (June to October)  
 

tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)  
 

Saint Helena - tropical; marine; mild, tempered by trade winds; Tristan da Cunha - temperate; marine, mild, tempered by trade winds (tends to be cooler than Saint Helena)  
 

tropical tempered by constant sea breezes; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)  
 

tropical, moderated by northeast trade winds; dry season from January to April, rainy season from May to August  
 

cold and wet, with much mist and fog; spring and autumn are windy  
 

tropical; little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season (May to November)  
 

mostly semiarid; subtropical along east coast; sunny days, cool nights  
 

tropical in south; arid desert in north; rainy season (April to October)  
 

variable, with mostly westerly winds throughout the year interspersed with periods of calm; nearly all precipitation falls as snow  
 

tropical; moderated by trade winds  
 

varies from tropical to near temperate  
 

mostly desert; hot, dry, sunny summers (June to August) and mild, rainy winters (December to February) along coast; cold weather with snow or sleet periodically hitting Damascus  
 

midlatitude continental, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid to polar in Pamir Mountains  
 

tropical; marine; rainy season during southwest monsoon (June to August); cloudiness is persistent and extensive all year  
 

varies from tropical along coast to temperate in highlands  
 

tropical; rainy, warm, cloudy southwest monsoon (mid-May to September); dry, cool northeast monsoon (November to mid-March); southern isthmus always hot and humid  
 

tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north  
 

tropical; moderated by trade winds (April to November)  
 

tropical; modified by trade winds; warm season (December to May), cool season (May to December)  
 

tropical; rainy season (June to December)  
 

tropical  
 

tropical in south, desert in north  
 

temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters  
 

temperate in north with mild, rainy winters and hot, dry summers; desert in south  
 

temperate; hot, dry summers with mild, wet winters; harsher in interior  
 

subtropical desert  
 

tropical; marine; moderated by trade winds; sunny and relatively dry  
 

tropical; moderated by easterly trade winds (March to November); westerly gales and heavy rain (November to March)  
 

tropical; generally rainy with two dry seasons (December to February, June to August); semiarid in northeast  
 

temperate continental; Mediterranean only on the southern Crimean coast; precipitation disproportionately distributed, highest in west and north, lesser in east and southeast; winters vary from cool along the Black Sea to cold farther inland; summers are warm across the greater part of the country, hot in the south  
 

temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers  
 

warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown  
 

mostly midlatitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east  
 

tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds  
 

temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to mid-May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)  
 

tropical; hot, humid; more moderate in highlands  
 

desert; cooler in eastern mountains  
 

mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountains  
 

tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (mid-May to mid-September) and warm, dry season (mid-October to mid-March)  
 

tropical  
 

tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 2,500-3,000 mm per year (80% humidity);  
 

tropical; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds  
 

temperate, temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters  
 

hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew  
 

tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers  
 

temperate, Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool, winters