 |
Afghanistan |
mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
|
 |
Egypt |
vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta
|
 |
Albania |
mostly mountains and hills; small plains along coast
|
 |
Algeria |
mostly high plateau and desert; some mountains; narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
|
 |
American Virgin Islands |
mostly hilly to rugged and mountainous with little level land
|
 |
American Samoa |
five volcanic islands with rugged peaks and limited coastal plains, two coral atolls (Rose Island, Swains Island)
|
 |
Andorra |
rugged mountains dissected by narrow valleys
|
 |
Angola |
narrow coastal plain rises abruptly to vast interior plateau
|
 |
Anguilla |
flat and low-lying island of coral and limestone
|
 |
Antigua and Barbuda |
mostly low-lying limestone and coral islands, with some higher volcanic areas
|
 |
Equatorial Guinea |
coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
|
 |
Argentina |
rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border
|
 |
Armenia |
Armenian Highland with mountains; little forest land; fast flowing rivers; good soil in Aras River valley
|
 |
Aruba |
flat with a few hills; scant vegetation
|
 |
Azerbaijan |
large, flat Kur-Araz Ovaligi (Kura-Araks Lowland) (much of it below sea level) with Great Caucasus Mountains to the north, Qarabag Yaylasi (Karabakh Upland) in west; Baku lies on Abseron Yasaqligi (Apsheron Peninsula) that juts into Caspian Sea
|
 |
Ashmore and Cartier Islands |
low with sand and coral
|
 |
Ethiopia |
high plateau with central mountain range divided by Great Rift Valley
|
 |
Australia |
mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast
|
 |
Bahamas, The |
long, flat coral formations with some low rounded hills
|
 |
Bahrain |
mostly low desert plain rising gently to low central escarpment
|
 |
Baker Island |
low, nearly level coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
|
 |
Bangladesh |
mostly flat alluvial plain; hilly in southeast
|
 |
Barbados |
relatively flat; rises gently to central highland region
|
 |
Bassas da India |
volcanic rock
|
 |
Belarus |
generally flat and contains much marshland
|
 |
Belgium |
flat coastal plains in northwest, central rolling hills, rugged mountains of Ardennes Forest in southeast
|
 |
Belize |
flat, swampy coastal plain; low mountains in south
|
 |
Benin |
mostly flat to undulating plain; some hills and low mountains
|
 |
Bermuda |
low hills separated by fertile depressions
|
 |
Bhutan |
mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
|
 |
Bolivia |
rugged Andes Mountains with a highland plateau (Altiplano), hills, lowland plains of the Amazon Basin
|
 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina |
mountains and valleys
|
 |
Botswana |
predominantly flat to gently rolling tableland; Kalahari Desert in southwest
|
 |
Bouvet Island |
volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 m; coast is mostly inaccessible
|
 |
Brazil |
mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt
|
 |
British Virgin Islands |
coral islands relatively flat; volcanic islands steep, hilly
|
 |
British Indian Ocean Territory |
flat and low (most areas do not exceed four meters in elevation)
|
 |
Brunei |
flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
|
 |
Bulgaria |
mostly mountains with lowlands in north and southeast
|
 |
Burkina Faso |
mostly flat to dissected, undulating plains; hills in west and southeast
|
 |
Burundi |
hilly and mountainous, dropping to a plateau in east, some plains
|
 |
Chile |
low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east
|
 |
China |
mostly mountains, high plateaus, deserts in west; plains, deltas, and hills in east
|
 |
Clipperton Island |
coral atoll
|
 |
Cook Islands |
low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south
|
 |
Costa Rica |
coastal plains separated by rugged mountains
|
 |
Cote d'Ivoire |
mostly flat to undulating plains; mountains in northwest
|
 |
Denmark |
low and flat to gently rolling plains
|
 |
Germany |
lowlands in north, uplands in center, Bavarian Alps in south
|
 |
Dominica |
rugged mountains of volcanic origin
|
 |
Dominican Republic |
rugged highlands and mountains with fertile valleys interspersed
|
 |
Djibouti |
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
|
 |
Ecuador |
coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)
|
 |
El Salvador |
mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau
|
 |
Eritrea |
dominated by extension of Ethiopian north-south trending highlands, descending on the east to a coastal desert plain, on the northwest to hilly terrain and on the southwest to flat-to-rolling plains
|
 |
Estonia |
marshy, lowlands
|
 |
Europa Island |
low and flat
|
 |
European Union |
fairly flat along the Baltic and Atlantic coast; mountainous in the central and southern areas
|
 |
Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) |
rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
|
 |
Faroe Islands |
rugged, rocky, some low peaks; cliffs along most of coast
|
 |
Fiji |
mostly mountains of volcanic origin
|
 |
Finland |
mostly low, flat to rolling plains interspersed with lakes and low hills
|
 |
France |
mostly flat plains or gently rolling hills in north and west; remainder is mountainous, especially Pyrenees in south, Alps in east
|
 |
French Southern and Antarctic Lands |
volcanic
|
 |
French Guiana |
low-lying coastal plains rising to hills and small mountains
|
 |
French Polynesia |
mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs
|
 |
Gabon |
narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
|
 |
Gambia, The |
flood plain of the Gambia river flanked by some low hills
|
 |
Gaza Strip |
flat to rolling, sand- and dune-covered coastal plain
|
 |
Georgia |
largely mountainous with Great Caucasus Mountains in the north and Lesser Caucasus Mountains in the south; Kolkhet'is Dablobi (Kolkhida Lowland) opens to the Black Sea in the west; Mtkvari River Basin in the east; good soils in river valley flood plains, foothills of Kolkhida Lowland
|
 |
Ghana |
mostly low plains with dissected plateau in south-central area
|
 |
Gibraltar |
a narrow coastal lowland borders the Rock of Gibraltar
|
 |
Glorioso Islands |
low and flat
|
 |
Grenada |
volcanic in origin with central mountains
|
 |
Greece |
mostly mountains with ranges extending into the sea as peninsulas or chains of islands
|
 |
Greenland |
flat to gradually sloping icecap covers all but a narrow, mountainous, barren, rocky coast
|
 |
United Kingdom |
mostly rugged hills and low mountains; level to rolling plains in east and southeast
|
 |
Guatemala |
mostly mountains with narrow coastal plains and rolling limestone plateau (Peten)
|
 |
Guernsey |
mostly level with low hills in southwest
|
 |
Guinea |
generally flat coastal plain, hilly to mountainous interior
|
 |
Guinea-Bissau |
mostly low coastal plain rising to savanna in east
|
 |
Guyana |
mostly rolling highlands; low coastal plain; savanna in south
|
 |
Haiti |
mostly rough and mountainous Heard Island and McDonald Islands
|
 |
Honduras |
mostly mountains in interior, narrow coastal plains
|
 |
Hong Kong |
hilly to mountainous with steep slopes; lowlands in north
|
 |
Howland Island |
low-lying, nearly level, sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef; depressed central area
|
 |
India |
upland plain (Deccan Plateau) in south, flat to rolling plain along the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north Indian Ocean
|
 |
Indonesia |
mostly coastal lowlands; larger islands have interior mountains
|
 |
Isle of Man |
hills in north and south bisected by central valley
|
 |
Iraq |
mostly broad plains; reedy marshes along Iranian border in south with large flooded areas; mountains along borders with Iran and Turkey
|
 |
Iran |
rugged, mountainous rim; high, central basin with deserts, mountains; small, discontinuous plains along both coasts
|
 |
Ireland |
mostly level to rolling interior plain surrounded by rugged hills and low mountains; sea cliffs on west coast
|
 |
Iceland |
mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
|
 |
Israel |
Negev desert in the south; low coastal plain; central mountains; Jordan Rift Valley
|
 |
Italy |
mostly rugged and mountainous; some plains, coastal lowlands
|
 |
Jamaica |
mostly mountains, with narrow, discontinuous coastal plain
|
 |
Jan Mayen |
volcanic island, partly covered by glaciers
|
 |
Japan |
mostly rugged and mountainous
|
 |
Jarvis Island |
sandy, coral island surrounded by a narrow fringing reef
|
 |
Yemen |
narrow coastal plain backed by flat-topped hills and rugged mountains; dissected upland desert plains in center slope into the desert interior of the Arabian Peninsula
|
 |
Jersey |
gently rolling plain with low, rugged hills along north coast
|
 |
Johnston Atoll |
mostly flat
|
 |
Jordan |
mostly desert plateau in east, highland area in west; Great Rift Valley separates East and West Banks of the Jordan River
|
 |
Juan de Nova Island |
low and flat
|
 |
Cayman Islands |
low-lying limestone base surrounded by coral reefs
|
 |
Cambodia |
mostly low, flat plains; mountains in southwest and north
|
 |
Cameroon |
diverse, with coastal plain in southwest, dissected plateau in center, mountains in west, plains in north
|
 |
Canada |
mostly plains with mountains in west and lowlands in southeast
|
 |
Cape Verde |
steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
|
 |
Kazakhstan |
extends from the Volga to the Altai Mountains and from the plains in western Siberia to oases and desert in Central Asia
|
 |
Qatar |
mostly flat and barren desert covered with loose sand and gravel
|
 |
Kenya |
low plains rise to central highlands bisected by Great Rift Valley; fertile plateau in west
|
 |
Kingman Reef |
low and nearly level
|
 |
Kyrgyzstan |
peaks of Tien Shan and associated valleys and basins encompass entire nation
|
 |
Kiribati |
mostly low-lying coral atolls surrounded by extensive reefs
|
 |
Cocos (Keeling) Islands |
flat, low-lying coral atolls
|
 |
Colombia |
flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains
|
 |
Comoros |
volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
|
 |
Congo, Republic of the |
coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin
|
 |
Congo, Democratic Republic of the |
vast central basin is a low-lying plateau; mountains in east
|
 |
Coral Sea Islands |
sand and coral reefs and islands (or cays)
|
 |
Korea, North |
mostly hills and mountains separated by deep, narrow valleys; coastal plains wide in west, discontinuous in east
|
 |
Korea, South |
mostly hills and mountains; wide coastal plains in west and south
|
 |
Croatia |
geographically diverse; flat plains along Hungarian border, low mountains and highlands near Adriatic coastline and islands
|
 |
Cuba |
mostly flat to rolling plains, with rugged hills and mountains in the southeast
|
 |
Kuwait |
flat to slightly undulating desert plain
|
 |
Laos |
mostly rugged mountains; some plains and plateaus
|
 |
Lesotho |
mostly highland with plateaus, hills, and mountains
|
 |
Latvia |
low plain
|
 |
Lebanon |
narrow coastal plain; Al Biqa' (Bekaa Valley) separates Lebanon and Anti-Lebanon Mountains
|
 |
Liberia |
mostly flat to rolling coastal plains rising to rolling plateau and low mountains in northeast
|
 |
Libya |
mostly barren, flat to undulating plains, plateaus, depressions
|
 |
Liechtenstein |
mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
|
 |
Lithuania |
lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil
|
 |
Luxembourg |
mostly gently rolling uplands with broad, shallow valleys; uplands to slightly mountainous in the north; steep slope down to Moselle flood plain in the southeast
|
 |
Macau |
generally flat
|
 |
Madagascar |
narrow coastal plain, high plateau and mountains in center
|
 |
Malawi |
narrow elongated plateau with rolling plains, rounded hills, some mountains
|
 |
Malaysia |
coastal plains rising to hills and mountains
|
 |
Maldives |
flat, with white sandy beaches
|
 |
Mali |
mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast
|
 |
Malta |
mostly low, rocky, flat to dissected plains; many coastal cliffs
|
 |
Morocco |
northern coast and interior are mountainous with large areas of bordering plateaus, intermontane valleys, and rich coastal plains
|
 |
Marshall Islands |
low coral limestone and sand islands
|
 |
Martinique |
mountainous with indented coastline; dormant volcano
|
 |
Mauritania |
mostly barren, flat plains of the Sahara; some central hills
|
 |
Mauritius |
small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling central plateau
|
 |
Mayotte |
generally undulating, with deep ravines and ancient volcanic peaks
|
 |
Macedonia |
mountainous territory covered with deep basins and valleys; three large lakes, each divided by a frontier line; country bisected by the Vardar River
|
 |
Mexico |
high, rugged mountains; low coastal plains; high plateaus; desert
|
 |
Midway Islands |
low, nearly level
|
 |
Micronesia, Federated States of |
islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Truk
|
 |
Moldova |
rolling steppe, gradual slope south to Black Sea
|
 |
Monaco |
hilly, rugged, rocky
|
 |
Mongolia |
vast semidesert and desert plains, grassy steppe, mountains in west and southwest; Gobi Desert in south-central
|
 |
Montserrat |
volcanic islands, mostly mountainous, with small coastal lowland
|
 |
Mozambique |
mostly coastal lowlands, uplands in center, high plateaus in
|
 |
Burma |
central lowlands ringed by steep, rugged highlands
|
 |
Namibia |
mostly high plateau; Namib Desert along coast; Kalahari Desert in
|
 |
Nauru |
sandy beach rises to fertile ring around raised coral reefs with phosphate plateau in center
|
 |
Navassa Island |
raised coral and limestone plateau, flat to undulating; ringed by vertical white cliffs (9 to 15 m high)
|
 |
Nepal |
Terai or flat river plain of the Ganges in south, central hill region, rugged Himalayas in north
|
 |
New Caledonia |
coastal plains with interior mountains
|
 |
New Zealand |
predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
|
 |
Nicaragua |
extensive Atlantic coastal plains rising to central interior
|
 |
Netherlands |
mostly coastal lowland and reclaimed land (polders); some hills in southeast
|
 |
Netherlands Antilles |
generally hilly, volcanic interiors
|
 |
Niger |
predominately desert plains and sand dunes; flat to rolling plains in south; hills in north
|
 |
Nigeria |
southern lowlands merge into central hills and plateaus; mountains in southeast, plains in north
|
 |
Niue |
steep limestone cliffs along coast, central plateau
|
 |
Northern Mariana Islands |
southern islands are limestone with level terraces and fringing coral reefs; northern islands are volcanic
|
 |
Norfolk Island |
volcanic formation with mostly rolling plains
|
 |
Norway |
glaciated; mostly high plateaus and rugged mountains broken by fertile valleys; small, scattered plains; coastline deeply indented by fjords; arctic tundra in north
|
 |
Oman |
central desert plain, rugged mountains in north and south
|
 |
Austria |
in the west and south mostly mountains (Alps); along the eastern and northern margins mostly flat or gently sloping
|
 |
Palau |
varying geologically from the high, mountainous main island of Babelthuap to low, coral islands usually fringed by large barrier reefs
|
 |
Palmyra Atoll |
very low
|
 |
Panama |
interior mostly steep, rugged mountains and dissected, upland plains; coastal areas largely plains and rolling hills
|
 |
Papua New Guinea |
mostly mountains with coastal lowlands and rolling foothills
|
 |
Paracel Islands |
mostly low and flat
|
 |
Paraguay |
grassy plains and wooded hills east of Rio Paraguay; Gran Chaco region west of Rio Paraguay mostly low, marshy plain near the river, and dry forest and thorny scrub elsewhere
|
 |
Peru |
western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
|
 |
Philippines |
mostly mountains with narrow to extensive coastal lowlands
|
 |
Pitcairn Islands |
rugged volcanic formation; rocky coastline with cliffs
|
 |
Poland |
mostly flat plain; mountains along southern border
|
 |
Portugal |
mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south
|
 |
Puerto Rico |
mostly mountains, with coastal plain belt in north; mountains precipitous to sea on west coast; sandy beaches along most coastal areas
|
 |
Reunion |
mostly rugged and mountainous; fertile lowlands along coast
|
 |
Rwanda |
mostly grassy uplands and hills; relief is mountainous with altitude declining from west to east
|
 |
Romania |
central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps
|
 |
Russia |
broad plain with low hills west of Urals; vast coniferous forest and tundra in Siberia; uplands and mountains along southern border regions
|
 |
Solomon Islands |
mostly rugged mountains with some low coral atolls
|
 |
Zambia |
mostly high plateau with some hills and mountains
|
 |
Samoa |
narrow coastal plain with volcanic, rocky, rugged mountains in interior
|
 |
San Marino |
rugged mountains
|
 |
Sao Tome and Principe |
volcanic, mountainous
|
 |
Saudi Arabia |
mostly uninhabited, sandy desert
|
 |
Sweden |
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
|
 |
Switzerland |
mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes
|
 |
Senegal |
generally low, rolling, plains rising to foothills in southeast
|
 |
Seychelles |
Mahe Group is granitic, narrow coastal strip, rocky, hilly; others are coral, flat, elevated reefs
|
 |
Sierra Leone |
coastal belt of mangrove swamps, wooded hill country, upland plateau, mountains in east
|
 |
Zimbabwe |
mostly high plateau with higher central plateau (high veld); mountains in east
|
 |
Singapore |
lowland; gently undulating central plateau contains water catchment area and nature preserve
|
 |
Slovakia |
rugged mountains in the central and northern part and lowlands in the south
|
 |
Slovenia |
a short coastal strip on the Adriatic, an alpine mountain region adjacent to Italy and Austria, mixed mountain and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
|
 |
Somalia |
mostly flat to undulating plateau rising to hills in north
|
 |
Spain |
large, flat to dissected plateau surrounded by rugged hills; Pyrenees in north
|
 |
Svalbard |
wild, rugged mountains; much of high land ice covered; west coast clear of ice about one-half of the year; fjords along west and north coasts
|
|
|
Spratly Islands |
flat
|
 |
Sri Lanka |
mostly low, flat to rolling plain; mountains in south-central interior
|
|
|
Saint Barthelemy |
tropical, with practically no variation in temperature; has two seasons (dry and humid)
|
 |
Saint Helena |
Saint Helena - rugged, volcanic; small scattered plateaus and plains note the other islands of the group have a volcanic origin
|
 |
Saint Kitts and Nevis |
volcanic with mountainous interiors
|
 |
Saint Lucia |
volcanic and mountainous with some broad, fertile valleys
|
 |
Saint Pierre and Miquelon |
mostly barren rock
|
 |
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines |
volcanic, mountainous
|
 |
South Africa |
vast interior plateau rimmed by rugged hills and narrow coastal plain
|
 |
Sudan |
generally flat, featureless plain; mountains in east and west
|
 |
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands |
most of the islands, rising steeply from the sea, are rugged and mountainous; South Georgia is largely barren and has steep, glacier-covered mountains; the South Sandwich Islands are of volcanic origin with some active volcanoes
|
 |
Suriname |
mostly rolling hills; narrow coastal plain with swamps
|
 |
Swaziland |
mostly mountains and hills; some moderately sloping plains
|
 |
Syria |
primarily semiarid and desert plateau; narrow coastal plain; mountains in west
|
 |
Tajikistan |
Pamir and Alay mountains dominate landscape; western Fergana Valley in north, Kofarnihon and Vakhsh Valleys in southwest
|
 |
Taiwan |
eastern two-thirds mostly rugged mountains; flat to gently rolling plains in west
|
 |
Tanzania |
plains along coast; central plateau; highlands in north, south
|
 |
Thailand |
central plain; Khorat Plateau in the east; mountains elsewhere
|
 |
Togo |
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
|
 |
Tokelau |
low-lying coral atolls enclosing large lagoons
|
 |
Tonga |
most islands have limestone base formed from uplifted coral formation; others have limestone overlying volcanic base
|
 |
Trinidad and Tobago |
mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
|
 |
Tromelin Island |
low, flat, and sandy
|
 |
Chad |
broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in northwest, lowlands in south
|
 |
Czech Republic |
Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very hilly country
|
 |
Tunisia |
mountains in north; hot, dry central plain; semiarid south merges into the Sahara
|
 |
Turkey |
mostly mountains; narrow coastal plain; high central plateau (Anatolia)
|
 |
Turkmenistan |
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
|
 |
Turks and Caicos Islands |
low, flat limestone; extensive marshes and mangrove swamps
|
 |
Tuvalu |
very low-lying and narrow coral atolls
|
 |
Uganda |
mostly plateau with rim of mountains
|
 |
Ukraine |
most of Ukraine consists of fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, mountains being found only in the west (the Carpathians), and in the Crimean Peninsula in the extreme south
|
 |
Hungary |
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
|
 |
Uruguay |
mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
|
 |
Uzbekistan |
mostly flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes; broad, flat intensely irrigated river valleys along course of Amu Darya, Sirdaryo (Syr Darya), and Zarafshon; Fergana Valley in east surrounded by mountainous
|
 |
Vanuatu |
mostly mountains of volcanic origin; narrow coastal plains
|
 |
Holy See (Vatican City) |
low hill
|
 |
Venezuela |
Andes Mountains and Maracaibo Lowlands in northwest; central plains (llanos); Guiana Highlands in southeast
|
 |
United Arab Emirates |
flat, barren coastal plain merging into rolling sand dunes of vast desert wasteland; mountains in east
|
 |
United States |
vast central plain, mountains in west, hills and low mountains in east; rugged mountains and broad river valleys in Alaska; rugged, volcanic topography in Hawaii
|
 |
Vietnam |
low, flat delta in south and north; central highlands; hilly, mountainous in far north and northwest
|
 |
Wake Island |
atoll of three coral islands built up on an underwater volcano; central lagoon is former crater, islands are part of the rim
|
 |
Wallis and Futuna |
volcanic origin; low hills
|
 |
Christmas Island |
steep cliffs along coast rise abruptly to central plateau
|
|
|
West Bank |
mostly rugged dissected upland, some vegetation in west, but barren in east
|
|
|
Western Sahara |
mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
|
 |
Central African Republic |
vast, flat to rolling, monotonous plateau; scattered hills in northeast and southwest
|
 |
Cyprus |
central plain with mountains to north and south; scattered but significant plains along southern coast
|
