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Turkmenistan
- Geography
Location: Central Asia, bordering the Caspian Sea, between Iran and Kazakhstan
Geographic coordinates: 40 00 N, 60 00 E
Map references: Asia
Dependant Areas: |
UTC: +5
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Note:
landlocked; the western and central low-lying desolate portions of the country make up the great Garagum (Kara-Kum) desert, which occupies over 80% of the country; eastern part is plateau
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Aera |
Total: total: 488,100 sq km
Rank:
52
Land: land: 488,100 sq km
Water: water: negl.
Area
- comparative: slightly larger than California
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Boundaries |
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Boundaries total: 3,736 km
Boundaries detail: Afghanistan 744 km, Iran 992 km, Kazakhstan 379 km, Uzbekistan 1,621 km
Coastline: 0 km; note - Turkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea (1,768 km)
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Climate |
subtropical desert
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Terrain |
flat-to-rolling sandy desert with dunes rising to mountains in the south; low mountains along border with Iran; borders Caspian Sea in west
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Elevation extremes |
lowest
point: Vpadina Akchanaya -81 m; note - Sarygamysh Koli is a lake in northern Turkmenistan with a water level that fluctuates above and below the elevation of Vpadina Akchanaya (the lake has dropped as low as -110 m)
highest point: Gora Ayribaba 3,139 m
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Land use |
Arable land: arable land: 4.51%
Irrigated land: 18,000 sq km
Permanent crops: 0.14%
Permanent pastures: 63%
Forests and woodland: 8%
Other: 95,35% (2005)
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Natural resources |
petroleum, natural gas, sulfur, salt
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Environment |
current issues: contamination of soil and groundwater with agricultural chemicals, pesticides; salination, water-logging of soil due to poor irrigation methods; Caspian Sea pollution; diversion of a large share of the flow of the Amu Darya into irrigation contributes to that river's inability to replenish the Aral Sea; desertification
international agreements
- party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection
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signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
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Maritime claims |
territorial sea:
contiguous zone:
exclusive economic zone:
continental shelf:
exclusive fishing zone:
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